Friday 29 July 2016

Not at all like Topsy


 August 2016

Not at all like Topsy   by Dr Elizabeth McCardell, M. Couns., PhD


     There are three stories I want to tell.

     The first has to do with Topsy, a rag doll I was given when I was born. This doll was beautifully made out of brown felt cloth and had a sweet face sewn on her curly haired head. Her limbs were long and floppy and her body sturdy and girlish. She wore a red dress. I grew to love her.

     Each birthday my mother and I would go into town to buy Topsy a new face, as the old was well worn with all the kissing she received.

     Topsy and I grew up together, though her change was structural. Eventually
her stuffing came out and the cloth that was her skin became threadbare.

     Topsy, unlike her namesake in the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin by  the nineteenth century American author Harriet Beecher Stowe,   wasn’t just born, didn’t just grow’d, she came with a history, a maker (the lady upstairs in the block of flats we called home), the cloth maker, the face maker, the dress maker (my mother),  my history, my family, the context of middle class life in the fifties, in Western Australia, and so much more.

     The second story is about the period when I’d returned to university to do my Master of Counselling degree and was studying family and couples counselling. As part of our assessment we had to write a family history identifying specific characteristics typical to our family.  Until that point, I had a rather general curiosity about genealogy, but nothing more than that. I was amazed to find in my research definite patterns of behaviour on both sides of my family of origin. I discovered, for instance, that practically each generation on both my father’s and mother’s side had at least two, sometimes more, spouses and that there were split-level families dating back nearly two hundred years. Both sides of the  family were also adventurers, some travelled across the globe to escape conflicts of war and ideology.

     The third story describes what insight was brought to me while researching and writing my doctoral dissertation. I’d stumbled upon a book on Taoism, and was particularly taken by its Acknowledgements section; usually a place where the writer thanks their husband or wife, or colleagues. The author of this book, instead, thanked the trees and fungi, the sky, the birds, the pet dog, family, shopkeepers, library staff, colleagues and friends: all of which ameliorated the making of this book on the Tao of being in the world, which is a natural order of life. I was moved to write a similar Tao of acknowledgements and include in it not only my immediate milieu, but my academic influences: those thinkers who shaped my work and sense of self.

     All three stories are accounts of  realizing interrelationships. I’m moved to tell them because of a certain frustration I have concerning quite a lot of psychotherapeutic modalities that ignore the context of a person to concentrate on only individual and isolated behaviour,  as for instance, a lot of cognitive behavioural therapy, or relationships as if they are merely apparent fantasies and disembodied ideas. I’m thinking here of traditional psychoanalysis and Jungian analysis. A lot of solution focussed therapies also ignore the living system  that is being in the world. An awareness of the individual is important, but without a sense of the richness, or paucity, of experiencing others, we leave too much out in our therapeutic approach to the healing of clients.

     We didn’t just grow’d, and our behaviour cannot be extracted from what else is going on. Our family of origin and  our environment make us who we are.  We live in a Tao of relationship, and this is ground that therapy, I believe, needs to work within.


Wednesday 13 July 2016

Feeling Secure; Adventuring Out


Feeling Secure; Adventuring Out   by Dr Elizabeth McCardell, M. Couns., PhD.
     When I was a little child I got fed up with being in my family and thought I’d run away. I scooped up a few essentials and scampered off down the road, without saying goodbye. The further away from the house I got, the less sure about my decision I became, until I got to the point of thinking, “Now what? Where do I go?” After all, where can a kid go, really? So I went back. Nobody knew that I’d left and nobody questioned me when I returned home; such was the nature of life as a  kid in a safe neighbourhood in the 50s. Whatever my own somewhat ambivalent difficulties with my mother were, I still felt safe at home in the family house with her, my brother and father.
     Security is a primary human need and so it is that in order to feel secure we form attachments to one another. From this place of security,  we find safety and freedom to explore the regions beyond this point.
    Attachment is that psychological connectedness that occurs between humans and lasts for a lengthy period of time. The level of this connectedness generally waxes and wanes and waxes, in a continuous circle of renewal and disintegration and renewal again. It is a thick space, with a richness that holds and releases and welcomes again. This looping is what a group of family therapists around the world call, “the circle of security”.  The circle of security allows a child, and later grown up, to venture out and explore the world, and return knowing they will be received by those that care for them with trust, respect, and in an attitude of freely given love.
     I meet a large range of people in my clinical practice and many of them are explorers of the greater world. Some, though, are very fearful of change, of different environments, and of people. Even coming to see me is felt to be a big risk. A very small number have never left this country town I now call home, and which I moved to seven years ago. This always sort of surprises me. I am a traveler from a family of travelers and enjoy going where I have never been before. I do, however, like to feel some sense of security wherever I am, and with this security comes a sense of being home wherever I am.
     Feeling safe is a key for all people. As infants, we reach out to our caregiver (usually our mother, but not always) and other close people and it is their level of sensitivity and responsivity that helps us develop a secure sense within ourselves. It is also in this space that empathy is born. Empathy is like going out to meet another person and walking with them awhile, without ever changing places with them.
     Part of the being present with another and sensitively receiving them is the sharing of eye contact.  Indeed the sharing of eye contact is one of the identifiers of healthy human development and more generally, a balanced psychology.  
     Not all can participate in such a sharing. People on the autism disorder spectrum are some who cannot hold such contact; others are avoidant because of certain learned behaviors dating back to infancy. Current research and therapies are finding ways to shift this pattern to a more fulsome contact. Such therapies introduce the person to incremental exposure to shared eye contact and the results are coming through that indicate there is an improvement in interpersonal relationships and a greater capacity for empathy. This work is exciting as it shows that the human brain is flexible and conditions that we previously thought could not be changed have some capacity for quite fundamental shifts. Furthermore, this work is suggesting that the principle of feeling secure and adventuring out isn’t just what happened in infancy shaping how we are the world, but is in continual negotiation throughout life. This is why psychotherapy works and this is why I work in the field. What we were once isn’t necessarily what we are now. We can and do change.