Wednesday 29 January 2020

Stalking Shadows


February 2020

  by Dr Elizabeth McCardell, M. Couns., PhD

 
     I am a stalker of shadows but not in any vengeful way and not in any way associated with that lovely Old English poem, Beowulf (where Beowulf stalked Grendel, the dragon in the dead of night), nor computer games. I mean that I stalk the partly absent presences of others who enter the room with each client, as a shaman might. There’s an inchoate back story that runs parallel to the issues that the person brings and I am interested in that, as it gives me clues to what’s up and how we can work together.

     The voices of the past linger like reverberations after a thunder storm or a very loud concert. Things that were excluded, an unspoken death of child, an absent workaholic father, a severely depressed grandmother, a traumatised soldier, an exhausted and emotionally fragile mother, a jailed uncle, incest, a brutalised alcoholic aunt – though never mentioned – replay out a horrid shadowy dance to awful music in the day to day lives of many  of us. I, for instance, had a great-grandfather, on my father’s side, a brute of a man and a jailer at Maitland Prison, who went mad and died when he burned his house down. One of his daughters, my father’s mother, was a very prim and proper woman who I met when she came for a week’s stay in Perth when I was nine. Knowing now her past, I can understand why she held her emotional stuff so tightly to herself and why my father was afraid of anger, and why I have had to work on my own anger so extensively throughout my life. The past is continuous with the present and the old shadows loiter on in some form or other.

     In families, these excluded people, are included somehow or other. We might make a deliberate attempt to erase the emotional torture of family life by using another name, or moving across the world, or pursuing lovers that seem not to bear any resemblance to our family of origin, but someone, something or other, triggers a string of memories and the pain comes tumbling back. It is as though the shadows we seek to avoid and think we’ve successfully left behind, just sidle up beside us and continue needling us.

     Stalking shadows is subtle work and a number of psychotherapeutic practices have been developed that aid the therapist in identifying them and using that knowledge to further the therapeutic conversation. The group therapies of Psychodrama and Family Constellations focus in on giving the barely seen a voice. The shadows are personified by members of the group and the participants and therapist-facilitator is able to see, and amplify, the dynamic of family members portrayed in the drama.

     I’ve participated in a several Family Constellation and Psychodrama workshops and also
did two years of training as a Psychodrama facilitator in Perth before moving to Lismore, NSW. Though I don’t do group work often, the insights that came to me during that time, remain and enhance my individual psychotherapeutic work. I notice that when I’m doing a clinical hypnotherapy session as well as a counselling one, the way I think has definitely been shaped by what I learned when working with groups and stalking shadows.  It should be said, however, that any work I do is not to remember factual details about a client’s past, but how the shadowy figures play out their stories in the client’s emotional  life. I also do not do regression work and this is basically because I am uninterested in influencing my clients in believing something in their past that I may inadvertently have created. My work is listening to my clients, not putting thoughts into their heads.

     The shadow stalker is primarily a listener, a tracker of minute details and behaviours around and about the shadow itself; someone who can change direction in a flash; someone who listens in the cracks, who watches the fluctuations of moods, observes silences, faces the barely comprehensible fearlessly and enjoys being there. Without this element of enjoyment, I doubt the work could be done. Plainly put, I like my work.



Wednesday 1 January 2020

When the Child Ego State Speaks


January 2020
 by Dr Elizabeth McCardell, M.Couns., PhD
     What’s worse than someone who argues with you all the time? To my mind it is someone who refuses to say what they want but tries to get you to do what they want anyway.  This is manipulation, plain and simple –but it isn’t so much dishonest, as unaware behaviour. Such a person can seem to be reasonable, fair and equitable, on the surface, but they are incredibly controlling just the same.
     Though not a game Eric Berne wrote about in his famous book Games People Play, The Psychology of Human Relationships (1964), this is up there among the most notable. In a minute, I’ll explain why.
     Berne posited that we all possess three ego states when we engage in transactions with others: the Parent, the Adult, and the Child. These represent an individual’s internalized model of parents, adults, and children.  The Child ego state is directly linked to the emotional life of the child during their first five years of life. If the person responds in most human interaction from that early emotional place, then the Child ego state is their most dominant. If they operate from a punitive position, you must do such and such (eg, always chew with your mouth closed), then the Parent ego state is dominant. The third ego state, the Adult is one where a person exercises autonomy and responds not out of emotional reactivity (as for the Child) nor in order to control the other person (as for the Parent), but with a capacity to utilize whatever it takes to share equitably and rationally.

     When two people operating from the Adult ego state converse, each listens to what the other has to say and chooses what to respond to. There is a maturity in the transaction. When one person is responding from the position of the emotional Child state, it is quite hard to steer the conversation from the Child-Parent position as it is this dynamic that is the most familiar. It’s hard for the other person to avoid taking the Parent ego state position when the other’s Child ego state is saying, ‘poor me, help me, I don’t know this’ that reaches out for a Parent to make all things better, and yet this is what we all need to strive for.
     In the Child ego state there is magical thinking going on. What the person is feeling about themselves is confused with they imagine the other person is feeling. So, for instance, they’ll insist that because they feel sad, the other person is also feeling sad, or what they want is essentially what the other person wants. They’ll even say so. Essentially, it’s, I want… therefore you want it and when you say you want it, I know because it’s what I want, and I know these things.
      I know such a person as I’ve described above, and being with her is incredibly hard work. There is a disconnect in all conversations. Her Child ego state just never seems to grow up, stuck in a mind-state that doesn’t allow for fundamental change, nor it seems, any capacity for realizing that what isn’t already known can be learned. The Child just wants what she wants now and wants the other person to accommodate her, without discovering ways to fill out the areas she has no knowledge of.
     Transactional Analysis, as developed by Berne is a post-psychoanalytic theory and method of therapy where social transactions are analysed to determine the ego state of the client (whether parent-like, childlike, or adult-like) as a basic for understanding behaviour. This ‘why is it so’ gives us a way to reframe our presentation of self to how we interact with others.
     To redirect the trajectory of the Child ego state in one person with the partnered Parent ego state in the other person to an equitable conversation between two Adults requires concerted focus, effort, and awareness. The familiar old way isn’t particularly healthy as it inhibits growth and understanding. We need to, I think, learn to redirect the dynamic of human transactions from reactivity to mutual sensitivity and responsibility toward self and others.